Background: There is a high probability of accidental perforation of the vertebral\npedicle wall in pedicle screw insertion surgery. A pedicle screw (PS) measurement\ndevice with an optical probe has been reported to send out a warning signal before\nthe PS tip breaking the vertebral pedicle wall.\nMethods: In this study, we explored the detection depth of optical probe in this\nmeasurement device, which was closely related to the effective alarm distance. In the\nboundary, the vertebrae tissues could be treated as 2-layer models including spongy\nbones and compact bones. The Monte Carlo simulation and phantom models were\nperformed to analyse and define the detection depth. Then the porcine vertebrae\nmodels were performed to obtain optical spectrum and reduced scattering coefficient,\nbased on which the detection depths were deduced. Moreover, a comparison was\nmade to explore the most significant pattern factor from the experiment results.\nResults: According to the pattern factor, an alarm threshold was successfully deduced\nto define the alarm distance during pedicle screw monitoring.\nConclusions: Thus, the proposed alarm standard based on detection depth provides a\npotential for guiding pedicle screw in surgery.
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